Simultaneous transmission of clock and bidirectional data over a communication channel

ABSTRACT

Embodiments of the invention are generally directed to simultaneous transmission of clock and bidirectional data over a communication channel. An embodiment of a transmitting device includes a modulator to generate a modulated signal including a clock signal and a data signal, the clock signal being modulated by a first signal edge of the modulated signal and the data signal being modulated by a position of a second signal edge of the modulated signal; a driver to drive the modulated signal on a communication channel; an echo canceller to subtract reflected signals on the communication channel; and a data recovery module to recover a signal received on the communication channel, the received signal being encoded by Return-to-Zero (RZ) encoding, the signal being received simultaneously with driving the modulated signal on the communication channel.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No.13/834,927 filed on Mar. 15, 2013, which claims the benefit of priorityfrom U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/658,875 filed Jun. 12,2012, both of which are incorporated herein by reference in theirentirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

Embodiments of the invention generally relate to the field of datacommunications and, more particularly, to simultaneous transmission ofclock and bidirectional data over a communication channel.

BACKGROUND

Transmission over a serial link using clock forwarding is used inmultimedia streaming applications such as HDMI™ (High DefinitionMultimedia Interface, including High Definition Multimedia Interface 1.4Specification, issued May 28, 2009) and MHL™ (Mobile High-DefinitionLink) for the overall system simplicity and improved noise performanceof such transmission. MHL is an interface protocol that provides forconnection of a mobile device to an HDMI display device. Such protocolsallow for the transfer of high definition multimedia data betweencertain devices.

One of the drawbacks of a clock forwarding scheme is the use of a clockchannel. In terms of bandwidth utilization, a dedicated clock channelrequires additional overhead compared to a CDR (Clock and Data Recovery)based serial link because the clock channel doesn't convey any data. Inaddition, in some cases, there are physical limitations on number ofconnector pins or cable wires in an apparatus, which complicates orprevents the use of a dedicated clock channel.

U.S. Pat. No. 6,463,092 of Kim, et al., regards sending and receivingdata signals over a clock signal line, including a transmitter thatsends both clock and data signals over the same transmission line and areceiver that uses the same transmission line to transmit data signalsback to the transmitter.

United States Patent Application Publication No. 2010/0104029 of Lee, etal., regards independent links over differential pairs using common-modesignaling, including pairs of differential pairs being utilized tocreate a virtual differential pair for data transfer.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Embodiments of the invention are illustrated by way of example, and notby way of limitation, in the figures of the accompanying drawings inwhich like reference numerals refer to similar elements.

FIG. 1 is an illustration of an embodiment of a transmitter and receiverfor transmission of clock signals and bidirectional data simultaneouslyover a communication channel;

FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment of a transmitting device for a clocksignal and bidirectional data link;

FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of a receiver for a clock signal andbidirectional data link;

FIG. 4A is a waveform for signal edge modulated forward data in anembodiment of transmission of clock signals and bidirectional data;

FIG. 4B is a waveform for RZ (Return-to-Zero) encoded backward data inan embodiment of transmission of clock signals and bidirectional data;

FIG. 5 is a flowchart to illustrate an embodiment of a method fortransmission of clock signals and forward data simultaneously withreceipt and processing of reverse data; and

FIG. 6 is a flowchart to illustrate an embodiment of a method for transmission of reverse data simultaneously with receipt and processing ofclock signals and forward data.

SUMMARY

Embodiments of the invention are generally directed to simultaneoustransmission of clock and bidirectional data over a communicationchannel.

In a first aspect of the invention, an embodiment of a transmittingdevice includes a modulator to generate a modulated signal including aclock signal and a data signal, the clock signal being modulated by afirst edge of the modulated signal and the data signal being modulatedby a position of a second edge of the modulated signal; a driver todrive the modulated signal on a communication channel; an echo cancellerto subtract reflected signals on the communication channel; and a datarecovery module to recover a signal received on the communicationchannel, the received signal being encoded by a Return-to-Zero (RZ)encoding, the signal being received simultaneously with driving themodulated signal on the communication channel.

In a second aspect of the invention, an embodiment of a receiving deviceincludes an edge detector to detect a first edge of a signal received ona communication channel, the edge detector to extract a clock signalfrom the received signal; a data recovery module to recover a datasignal from the received signal, the data signal being modulated by aposition of a second edge of the received signal; a encoder to encode asignal for transmission, the encoder to encode the signal usingReturn-to-Zero (RZ) encoding; a driver to drive the encoded signal thecommunication channel, the encoded signal being driving simultaneouslywith receipt of the received signal; and an echo canceller to subtractreflected signals on the communication channel.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Embodiments of the invention are generally directed to simultaneoustransmission of clock and bidirectional data over a communicationchannel.

In some embodiments, an apparatus, system, and method provides fortransmitting clock and forward data from Tx (transmitter) to Rx(receiver) and backward data from Rx to Tx at the same time over acommunication channel. In some embodiments, a transmitter sendingforward clock and data uses a signal edge modulation, which may bemodulation of a falling edge of a signal, and a receiver sendingbackward data uses RZ encoding for the backward data.

In some embodiments, a doubly-terminated channel with echo cancellersprovided at the transmitter and receiver sides recovers incoming data.In some embodiments, a method provides for sending clock signals andforward data from a transmitter to a receiver, and backward data fromthe receiver to the transmitter at the same time over a communicationchannel. In some embodiments, an apparatus or system allows forcombining a dedicated clock channel and a data channel, or, phrased in adifferent manner, allows for sending clocks over a bidirectional datachannel, thus removing a major drawback of a forwarded clock seriallink.

A communication channel for transmission of a clock signal andbidirectional data may vary in different embodiments. In someembodiments, a clock signal and bidirectional data may be transmittedvia a channel having a single conductor, such as single-ended wire. Insome embodiments, a clock signal and bidirectional data (which may bereferred to here as triplex communication) may be transmitted usingdifferential signaling over a channel having a differential pair ofwires, where differential signaling provides for transmittingcomplementary signals via the differential pair. A communication channelmay be included in a cable with any number of other channels andconductors.

In some embodiments, if an implementation utilizes a differential pairfor transmission of audio-video data, such as in MHL, the apparatusaddresses the requirements of the MHL standard, or the requirements ofsimilar audio-video standards or implementations. In suchimplementation, the clock is related to the video rate of the datatransferring on the TMDS (transition minimized differential signaling)data pair. However, the CBUS data rate is also related to the clock. Ifthe clock is tied to video rate, then, for example, an HD (highdefinition) video may run the CBUS data channel at 150 Mbps, but whenswitching to transmitting an SD (Standard Definition) video then theCBUS data channel will be limited to 27 Mbps. In some embodiments, anapparatus, system, or method provides for multiplying or dividing thevideo clock to maintain a relatively stable clock rate on the CBUS. Inan example, if a 600 Mbps target is set for CBUS data channel, then the27 MHz SD clock may be multiplied by 22 or 23 (in and integer case) togenerate the clock sent over CBUS. Further, the 150 MHz HD clock ismultiplied by 4 to get to 600 Mbps. In some embodiments, a relationshipbetween a video clock and a clock signal on the CBUS may be an integer,rational, or arbitrary factor, with differing levels of implementationcomplexity.

In some embodiments, in contrast to a conventional apparatus or system,a receiving apparatus includes clock extraction at the receiver. An echocancelling method in a full-duplex link may operate to subtract aself-generated voltage signal, where the signal is the driver current Itimes load impedance, the load resistance being the terminationresistance in parallel with the cable impedance (R_(term)∥Z0). AssumingR_(term)=Z0, the echo canceller then may subtract 0.5*I*R_(term) fromthe receiver input voltage to extract the incoming signal. However, inan actual application the cable impedance Z0 is not well controlled andincludes a deviation from the ideal value, thus causing voltage error inthe echo cancelling process. For a conventional full-duplex receiverthis error may be small enough not to cause a bit error, unless theimpedance mismatch is significant thus causing a large voltage error.However, for clock extraction, any error due to mismatch causes jitterin the extracted clock, thus degrading link performance.

In some embodiments, to prevent jitter in clock extraction, anapparatus, system, or method uses RZ (Return-to-Zero) encoding forbackward data from the receiver to the transmitter. RZ encoding returnsto a default level regardless of whether a ‘1’ or ‘0’ is sent. In someembodiments, the default period is aligned with the clock rising edgearrival at receiver, and thus there is no mismatch-induced jitter addedto extracted clock. In some embodiments, an apparatus, system, or methodutilizes phase adjustment of the RZ encoded data to preserve a signaledge (such as a rising signal edge) for the transmitted clock signal.

FIG. 1 is an illustration of an embodiment of a transmitter and receiverfor transmission of clock signals and bidirectional data simultaneouslyover a communication channel. In this illustration, a first device,illustrated as the transmitting device 110, is coupled with a first endof a cable 150, where the cable 150 includes at minimum a communicationchannel 152. In some embodiments, the communication channel 152 is adifferential two-wire (conductor) channel, and in some embodiment thechannel 152 is a single wire (conductor) channel. The cable may includeany number of other communication channels or connections. A seconddevice, designated as the receiving device 160, is coupled with a secondend of the cable 150.

In some embodiments, the transmitting device 110 and receiving device160 both include a driver (130 and 180 respectively) and an echocanceller (140 and 190 respectively) for the transmission of data andfor the elimination of reflected signals. In some embodiments, thetransmitting device 110 is to provide for transmission of forward dataand clock signals 112 to the receiving device 160 over the communicationchannel 152 of the cable 150, where the receiving device 160 recoversthe forward data and clock signals 112. In some embodiments,simultaneously with the transmission of the forward data and clocksignals the receiving device 160 is to provide for transmission ofbackward data 162 to the transmitting device 110 over the samecommunication channel 152 of the cable 150. In some embodiments, thetransmission of the forward data utilizes signal edge modulation, andthe transmission of the reverse data uses Return-to-Zero encoding. Insome embodiments, the transmitting device 110 and receiving device 160may include a phase locked loop (PLL) circuit or module, PLL 125 and 175respectively, to maintain a timing relationship between the transmittingdevice and the receiving device.

As used in this application, “forward data” refers to data beingtransmitted from a first device to a second device and “reverse data”refers to data being transmitted from the second device to the firstdata, where forward data and reverse data may be any kind of data. Insome embodiments, the transmitter and receiver source impedance(R_(term)) is set to match the cable impedance to prevent high-speedsignal reflection.

In some embodiments, the communication channel 152 is a differentialpair, and the transmitting device 110 and receiving device 160 includeelements required for differential signaling and handle transmission ofthe clock signal and directional data as needed for the differentialchannel, which may include, for example, the transmitting device 110 andreceiving device 160 being operable to handle tri-level signaling.

When the communication channel 152 is a differential pair, differentencoding schemes are possible in varying implementations. In each suchimplementation, there is an intent to avoid adding jitter that resultsdue to imperfections of the Rx echo canceller. In some embodiments, ameans for avoiding jitter includes the reverse data from Rx to Tx beingat the default state when forward clock edge is arriving at Rx. Indifferential signaling, the following default states are possible:

(1) In some embodiments, a logic ‘0’ state is a default state, where thepositive (+) wire voltage is lower than the negative (−) wire voltage.With this approach, the differential voltage is LOW regardless of thedata sent from Rx to Tx, and only switches to HIGH when sending alogical ‘1’. In some embodiments, this provides a straightforwardexpansion of single wire RZ signaling.

(2) An issue with approach (1) is DC imbalance because the voltage ismainly in the LOW state. In some embodiments, such as in cases in whichDC-balance is required in a circuit, an apparatus or system may use anon-driven state where the (+) wire and the (−) wire have the samevoltage. In this case, differential driver at Rx sends differential HIGHor LOW signals only during an RZ pulse period.

FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment of a transmitting device for a clocksignal and bidirectional data link. FIG. 2 illustrates a transmitterportion of a communication link. The transmitting device illustrated inFIG. 2 and the receiving device illustrated in FIG. 3 are bothfull-duplex transceivers. A full duplex transceiver sends and receivesdata over a single channel simultaneously, where the receiver part ofthe full duplex transmitter normally subtracts or filters self-drivensignal (echo) from the combined signal to assist in extracting data sentfrom the other transceiver in the link.

In this illustration, a transmitting device may be coupled with a cable250, the cable having impedance Z0. In some embodiments, thetransmitting device includes an edge modulator 220 that receives forwarddata 212 and clock signals 214. The modulated signal output at node A isreceived by a driver 230 as well as an echo canceller 240, the driver230 including a driver current I, illustrated as current source 232receiving the modulated data and clock signals coupled with atermination 234 with resistance R_(term). In some embodiments, theresistance R_(term) is set to match the cable impedance Z0 to preventhigh-speed signal reflection. The forward data and clock signals aredriven on a communication 252 channel of the cable 250.

In some embodiments, the transmitting device provides for receivingbackward data simultaneously with the transmission of the forward dataand clock signals. In some embodiments, signals are received on thecommunication channel 252 by the echo canceller 240 at a first input ofan amplifier 246. The echo canceller includes a current source 242 ofcurrent value I/2receiving the modulated forward data and clock signalsto provide a current signal across a termination 244 with resistanceR_(term) and generate an echo cancellation signal, the echo cancellationsignal being received at a second output of the amplifier 246.

In some embodiments, the output of the amplifier 246 (at node B in FIG.2) is received at a data recovery circuit or module 222 (referred togenerally as data recovery), the data recovery also receiving the clocksignal 214. In some embodiments, the data recovery 222 operates torecover the backward data 216.

In some embodiments, in contrast with a conventional full-duplextransceiver, the transmitting device transmits the clock signals 214together with the forward data 212. In some embodiments, the clock andforward data are combined using signal edge modulation, where the signaledge modulation maintains a first edge (such as a rising edge) of aclock unaltered but changes the location of the second edge (such as afalling edge) depending on the data sent. In some embodiments, this edgemodulated signal drives the transmitter driver, and the echo cancellerutilizes the signal edge modulated signal in extracting backward datasent from Rx.

FIG. 3 illustrates an embodiment of a receiver for a clock signal andbidirectional data link. FIG. 3 illustrates a receiver portion of acommunication link. In this illustration, a receiving device 360 may becoupled with a cable 350, the cable including a communication channel352 and having an impedance of Z0. In some embodiments, thecommunication channel 352 may be a differential pair or a single wirechannel.

In some embodiments, the receiving device 360 includes RZ encoder 370that is provided backward data 366 for encoding. The encoded data outputof the RZ encoder 370 at node C is received by a driver 380 as well asan echo canceller 390, the driver 380 including a current source 382with current I receiving the RZ encoded backward data coupled with atermination 384 with resistance R_(term). In some embodiments, theresistance R_(term) is set to match the cable impedance Z0 to preventhigh-speed signal reflection. The backward data is driven on thecommunication channel 352 of the cable 350.

In some embodiments, the receiving device 360 provides for receiving theforward data and clock signals data simultaneously with the transmissionof the backward data. In some embodiments, signals on the communicationchannel 352 are received at a rising edge detector 374 to extract theclock signal 364. In some embodiments, the signals on the communicationchannel 352 are also received at the echo canceller 390 at a first inputof an amplifier 396. The echo canceller further includes a currentsource 392 of current value ½ receiving the encoded reverse data fromthe RZ encoder 370 to provide a current signal across a termination 394with resistance R_(term) and generate an echo cancellation signal, theecho cancellation signal being received at a second output of theamplifier 396.

In some embodiments, the output of the amplifier 396 (at node D in FIG.3) is received at a data recovery circuit or module 372 (referred togenerally as data recovery), the data recovery also receiving theextracted clock 364. In some embodiments, the data recovery operates torecover the forward data 362, the recovered forward data 362 beingclocked by the extracted clock 364.

In some embodiments, the extracted clock 364 may be utilized for one ormore purposes in addition to clocking the recovered forward data,including application of the clock signal as a synchronous reference forone or more other channels, including, for example, as a reference forTMDS (transition minimized differential signaling) data on anothercommunication channel. In some embodiments, the clock signal may have arelationship with a data rate on another channel, such as a video rateon a TMDS channel. In some embodiments, a variable multiple of the clocksignal may be used to maintain a same or similar data bandwidth of thefirst channel irrespective of changes of transmitted data rate ofanother channel.

In some embodiments, in contrast to a conventional apparatus or system,a receiving apparatus includes clock extraction at Rx. An echocancelling method in a full-duplex link may operate to subtract aself-generated voltage signal, where the signal is the driver current Itimes load impedance, the load resistance being the terminationresistance in parallel with the cable impedance (R_(term)∥Z0). AssumingR_(term)=Z0, the echo canceller then may subtract 0.5*I*R_(term) fromthe receiver input voltage to extract the incoming signal. However, inactual application the cable impedance Z0 is not well controlled and hasa deviation from the ideal value, thus causing voltage error in the echocancelling process. For a conventional full-duplex receiver this errormay be small enough not to cause a bit error unless the impedancemismatch is significant, thus causing a large voltage error. However,for clock extraction, an error due to mismatch causes jitter in theextracted clock, thus degrading link performance.

In some embodiments, to prevent jitter in clock extraction, anapparatus, system, or method uses RZ (Return-to-Zero) encoding forbackward data from the receiver to the transmitter. RZ encoding returnsto a default level regardless of whether a ‘1’ or ‘0’ is sent. In someembodiments, the default period is aligned with the clock rising edgearrival at receiver, and thus there is no mismatch-induced jitter addedto extracted clock. In some embodiments, the data transmission of thereceiving device may include timing that is adjusted by a tuningalgorithm, where the tuning algorithm operates to provide transmissionat a phase that avoids a time that matches a rising edge of thetransmitted signals in order to preserve a rising clock edge for theclock signal in the received data.

FIG. 4A is a waveform for signal edge modulated forward data in anembodiment of transmission of clock signals and differential data. FIG.4A represents the waveform 400 of forward data after signal edgemodulation at node A of FIG. 2. In FIG. 4A, T1 is the time when theclock rising edge (or first edge) 410 arrives, P2 is the period of theclock, and W3 and W4 are widths respectively of a pulse having an earlyfalling edge (second edge) 412 and a late falling edge 414. In someembodiments, a clock signal and forward data are combined such that atime of a clock rising edge 410 is not altered, with the time of thefalling edge providing a data signal. In some embodiments, an earlyfalling edge 412 may represent a data ‘0’ being sent, and a late fallingedge 414 may represent a data ‘1’ being sent, or vice versa. While FIG.4A illustrates two signal values, embodiments are not limited to thebinary ‘1’ and ‘0’ values. In some embodiments, any number of values maybe modulated by position of the falling edge.

In some embodiments, the data signal is sent to the receiver and appearsat node D of FIG. 3 after echo cancellation. In some embodiments, datarecovery at the receiving device is performed by checking the signallevel of the data signal at time point T5+D6, which T5 is the time ofextracted clock rising edge 450, and D6 is a delay set to a valueW3<D6<W4, in order to sample the waveform between the locations of theearly falling edge 404 and the late falling edge 406.

FIG. 4B is a waveform for RZ (Return-to-Zero) encoded backward data inan embodiment of transmission of clock signals and data. The extractedclock 450 and RZ data signal 475 are illustrated in FIG. 4B. FIG. 4Bshows the waveform of RZ-encoded backward data at node B of FIG. 2. Insome embodiments, RZ pulse timing is adjusted so that it stays in ZERO(default) state when the clock rising edge arrives at Rx. In someembodiments, this is accomplished by delaying the RZ pulse rising edgefrom the arriving clock rising edge location T5 by a delay D7. The RZsignal also appears at mode B of FIG. 2 after echo cancelling at thetransmitting device.

In some embodiments, signals of a link between a transmitting device anda receiving device are generally synchronous with the rising edge of theclock in both the transmitting device and the receiving device, and thusthere is no requirement for phase tracking In some embodiments, anexception is the data recovery of backward data at the transmittingdevice. The RZ pulse that is extracted at the transmitting device isasynchronous to the transmitter clock, and thus phase tracking may beutilized to recover the backward data.

In some embodiments, an apparatus, system, or method provides forforward clock and full-duplex data with the same bit rate as the clockfrequency while sharing a communication channel, where the communicationchannel may be, for example, a differential pair of wires or a singlewire, thus improving the bandwidth utilization or reducing the number ofwires necessary. In some embodiments, the serial link technology may beapplied to MHL (Mobile High-definition Link). In certainimplementations, MHL uses three wires for data, utilizing onedifferential pair and a single wire for clock and data transfer. In MHLoperation, forward clock and multimedia data shares the differentialpair, and a clock is sent as common mode voltage change of thedifferential signal. Further, slow speed control data is being sentthrough single wire. An issue with MHL is that the common mode clocksignal adds noise to differential data, and differential data adds noiseto common mode clock via mode conversion phenomenon (common mode voltageis converted to differential voltage, and vice versa). In someembodiments, simultaneous transmission of clock and bidirectional dataover a communication channel is applied to MHL. In some embodiments, theTx and Rx may run in MHL mode, or may switch to triplex signaling inwhich forward clock and control data is sent through the CBUS wire, andmultimedia data is sent through a differential pair. In someembodiments, an apparatus or system may initially operate in a legacyMHL (MHL1 or MHL2) environment, the apparatus or system switching totriplex channel communication with simultaneous transmission of clockand bidirectional data after negotiation determines that both ends of acommunication link support the triplex channel communication. In someembodiments, by detaching the clock and data, an apparatus or systemoperates to prevent noise injection from the clock and data.

The choice of communication channel for a particular implementation maybe based on the environment. In some embodiments, includingimplementations in which there is a constrained pin-out arrangement,such as utilizing a micro-USB connector or other connector having asmall physical size and limited number of connections, an alternativelink configuration in an apparatus or system may include sendingdifferential data via the differential pair, and sending a clock signaland full duplex data through the single ended wire. In some embodiments,the apparatus or system may be used to improve differential data signalintegrity and to increase the CBUS data rate.

In contrast, in some embodiments, including embodiments in whichpin-outs are less constrained or in noisy signal environments (such as,for example, an automotive environment), a link configuration fortriplex communication of a clock signal and bidirectional datacommunication may include use of a differential pair for thetransmission of the signal and bidirectional data. In some embodiments,an apparatus, system, or method includes application to data of one ormore other standards, including, but not limited to, HDMI.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart to illustrate an embodiment of a method fortransmission of clock signals and forward data simultaneously withreceipt and processing of reverse data. In some embodiments, anapparatus (such as the transmitting device illustrated in FIG. 2)obtains a first set of data for transmission 505, the first set of datarepresenting a forward data stream, and the transmitting device receivesor generates a clock signal 510. In some embodiments, the apparatusmodulates the forward data stream and clock signal together 515, wherethe modulation includes setting a first edge (such as a rising signaledge) as the clock signal and positioning a second edge (such as afalling signal edge) to encode a data value of the data stream. Forexample, an earlier falling edge may encode a ‘0’ and a later fallingedge may encode a ‘1’, or vice versa. In some embodiments, a greaternumber of values may be encoded by additional positions of the fallingedge. In some embodiments, the modulated signal may be driven on acommunication channel 520 and may be utilized in echo cancelling 525.

In some embodiments, simultaneously with the processing and transmissionof the clock signal and forward data stream, the apparatus receivesbackward data signals on the same communication channel 555. In someembodiments, the apparatus provides for echo cancellation for thecommunication channel using the modulated signals 560. The apparatusthen detects a second set of data (which may be referred to as backwarddata) 565 and processes the second set of data as required for theapparatus 570.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart to illustrate an embodiment of a method fortransmission of reverse data simultaneously with receipt and processingof clock signals and forward data. In some embodiments, an apparatus(such as the receiving device illustrated in FIG. 3) obtains a first setof data (representing a backward data stream) for transmission 605. Insome embodiments, the apparatus encodes the backward data stream usingReturn-to-Zero (RZ) encoding 610. In some embodiments, the RZ encodeddata may be delayed by a period after an extracted clock signal 615,described below. In some embodiments, the encoded data may be driven ona communication channel 620 and may be utilized in echo cancelling 625.

In some embodiments, simultaneously with the processing and transmissionof the first set of data, the apparatus receives data signals on thesame communication channel 655 containing a clock signal and a secondset of data (a forward data stream). In some embodiments, the apparatusprovides for echo cancellation for the communication channel using themodulated signals 660 and the detection of a first (rising) edge of thereceived signal 675. The apparatus then recovers the forward data stream665, including use of a clock signal extracted from the received signalusing the detected rising edge 680. In some embodiments, recovery of thedata includes detection of a position of a second (falling) signal edgeto detect a data bit, such as an earlier falling edge being detected asa ‘0’ and a later falling edge being detected as a ‘1’, or vice versa.In some embodiments, the apparatus provides for processing of therecovered forward data as required for the apparatus 670. In someembodiments, the apparatus may optionally utilize the extracted clocksignal for other purposes 685.

In some embodiments, an apparatus, system, or method provides for:

(1) Triplex signaling sending clock and forward data from transmitter toreceiver, and backward data from receiver to transmitter, via a singlecommunication channel, where the communication channel may be, forexample, a differential pair of wires or a single wire.

(2) Use of signal edge modulation scheme for Tx data in the triplexsignaling, where a signal includes an early second edge for sending data‘0’ (a first value), and includes a late second edge for sending data‘1’ (a second value), or vice versa.

(3) Use of RZ signaling for Rx data, with the RZ data being aligned withincoming data with a specified delay in order to prevent jitteraddition.

(4) Use of a phase locked loop (PLL) to control the timing relationshipbetween Tx and Rx.

(5) Use of a line coding scheme, such as IBM 8b10b encoding, to provideeasy byte alignment and reduce extracted clock jitter.

(6) Sending multi-bits per clock by fine-control of signal edgemodulation (edge 0, 1, . . . N) instead of 2 values (early/late).

(7) Sending multi-bits per clock by fine-control of RZ pulse delay andwidth.

(8) Application in an MHL configuration.

In the description above, for the purposes of explanation, numerousspecific details are set forth in order to provide a thoroughunderstanding of the present invention.

It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the presentinvention may be practiced without some of these specific details. Inother instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in blockdiagram form. There may be intermediate structure between illustratedcomponents. The components described or illustrated herein may haveadditional inputs or outputs that are not illustrated or described. Theillustrated elements or components may also be arranged in differentarrangements or orders, including the reordering of any fields or themodification of field sizes.

The present invention may include various processes. The processes ofthe present invention may be performed by hardware components or may beembodied in computer-readable instructions, which may be used to cause ageneral purpose or special purpose processor or logic circuitsprogrammed with the instructions to perform the processes.Alternatively, the processes may be performed by a combination ofhardware and software.

Portions of the present invention may be provided as a computer programproduct, which may include a computer-readable storage medium havingstored thereon computer program instructions, which may be used toprogram a computer (or other electronic devices) to perform a processaccording to the present invention. The computer-readable storage mediummay include, but is not limited to, floppy diskettes, optical disks,CD-ROMs (compact disk read-only memory), and magneto-optical disks, ROMs(read-only memory), RAMs (random access memory), EPROMs (erasableprogrammable read-only memory), EEPROMs (electrically-erasableprogrammable read-only memory), magnet or optical cards, flash memory,or other type of media/computer-readable medium suitable for storingelectronic instructions. Moreover, the present invention may also bedownloaded as a computer program product, wherein the program may betransferred from a remote computer to a requesting computer.

Many of the methods are described in their most basic form, butprocesses may be added to or deleted from any of the methods andinformation may be added or subtracted from any of the describedmessages without departing from the basic scope of the presentinvention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that manyfurther modifications and adaptations may be made. The particularembodiments are not provided to limit the invention but to illustrateit.

If it is said that an element “A” is coupled to or with element “B,”element A may be directly coupled to element B or be indirectly coupledthrough, for example, element C. When the specification states that acomponent, feature, structure, process, or characteristic A “causes” acomponent, feature, structure, process, or characteristic B, it meansthat “A” is at least a partial cause of “B” but that there may also beat least one other component, feature, structure, process, orcharacteristic that assists in causing “B.” If the specificationindicates that a component, feature, structure, process, orcharacteristic “may”, “might”, or “could” be included, that particularcomponent, feature, structure, process, or characteristic is notrequired to be included. If the specification refers to “a” or “an”element, this does not mean there is only one of the described elements.

An embodiment is an implementation or example of the invention.Reference in the specification to “an embodiment,” “one embodiment,”“some embodiments,” or “other embodiments” means that a particularfeature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with theembodiments is included in at least some embodiments, but notnecessarily all embodiments. The various appearances of “an embodiment,”“one embodiment,” or “some embodiments” are not necessarily allreferring to the same embodiments. It should be appreciated that in theforegoing description of exemplary embodiments of the invention, variousfeatures of the invention are sometimes grouped together in a singleembodiment, figure, or description thereof for the purpose ofstreamlining the disclosure and aiding in the understanding of one ormore of the various inventive aspects.

In some embodiments, a transmitting device includes a modulator togenerate a modulated signal including a clock signal and a data signal,the clock signal being modulated by a first signal edge of the modulatedsignal and the data signal being modulated by a position of a secondsignal edge of the modulated signal; a driver to drive the modulatedsignal on a communication channel; an echo canceller to subtractreflected signals on the communication channel; and a data recoverymodule to recover a signal received on the communication channel, thereceived signal being encoded by Return-to-Zero (RZ) encoding, thesignal being received simultaneously with driving the modulated signalon the communication channel.

In some embodiments, the communication channel is a single wire channel.

In some embodiments, the communication channel is a differential pairchannel.

In some embodiments, the modulation of the data signal includes a firstvalue being encoded by a signal edge at a first position and a secondvalue being encoded by a signal edge at a second position, wherein thesecond position is a later signal edge position than the first position.

In some embodiments, the transmitting device further includes a phaselocked loop circuit to control a timing relationship with a receivingdevice.

In some embodiments, a receiving device includes an edge detector todetect a first edge of a signal received on a communication channel, theedge detector to extract a clock signal from the received signal; a datarecovery module to recover a data signal from the received signal, thedata signal being modulated by a position of a second edge of thereceived signal; a encoder to encode a signal for transmission, theencoder to encode the signal using Return-to-Zero (RZ) encoding; adriver to drive the encoded signal on the communication channel, theencoded signal being driving simultaneously with receipt of the receivedsignal; and an echo canceller to subtract reflected signals on thecommunication channel.

In some embodiments, the communication channel is a single wire channel.

In some embodiments, the communication channel is a differential pairchannel.

In some embodiments, the modulation of the received signal includes afirst value being encoded by a signal edge at a first position and asecond value being encoded by a signal edge at a second position,wherein the second position is a later signal edge position than thefirst position. In some embodiments, data transmission of the receivingdevice includes timing that is adjusted by a tuning algorithm, thetuning algorithm to operate to provide transmission at a phase thatavoids a time that matches a rising edge of the transmitted signals inorder to preserve a rising clock edge for the clock signal in thereceived data.

In some embodiments, the receiving device further comprising a phaselocked loop circuit to control a timing relationship with a transmittingdevice.

In some embodiments, a method includes transmitting a clock signal and afirst set of data on a communication channel, including: modulating theclock signal and the first set of data together, wherein the modulationincludes setting a first signal edge as the clock signal and positioninga second signal edge to encode a data value of the data stream, anddriving the modulated signal on a communication channel and providingthe modulated signal for echo cancellation; and receiving a second setof data on the same communication channel, including: receiving signalson the communication channel, cancelling signal echo on thecommunication using the modulated signal, and detecting the second setof data in the received signals, where the second set of signals isencoded with Return-to-Zero encoding. In some embodiments, thetransmission of the clock signal and the first set of data occurssimultaneously with the reception of the second set of data.

In some embodiments, the modulation of the first set of data includes afirst value being encoded by a signal edge at a first position and asecond value being encoded by a signal edge at a second position,wherein the second position is a later signal edge position than thefirst position.

In some embodiments, a method includes transmitting a first set of dataon a communication channel, including: encoding the first set of data,wherein the first set of signals is encoded with Return-to-Zeroencoding, and driving the encoded signal on a communication channel andproviding the encoded signal for echo cancellation; and receiving aclock signal and a second set of data on the same communication channel,including: receiving signals on the communication channel, detecting afirst edge of the received signals to extract the clock signal;cancelling signal echo on the communication using the encoded signal,and detecting the second set of data in the received signals using theextracted clock signal, wherein the modulation of the second set of dataincludes a position of the second signal edge to encode a data value ofsecond set of data. In some embodiments, the reception of the clocksignal and the second set of data occurs simultaneously with thetransmission of the first set of data.

In some embodiments, the method further includes delaying transmissionof an encoded signal of first set of data a certain period of time inrelation to the extracted clock signal.

In some embodiments, the method further includes applying the extractedclock signal as a synchronous reference for a second communicationchannel.

In some embodiments, a variable multiple of the clock signal is used tomaintain a same or similar data bandwidth of the communication channelirrespective of changes in a transmitted data rate of the secondcommunication channel.

What is claimed is:
 1. A receiving device comprising: an edge detectorto detect a first edge of a signal received on a communication channel,the edge detector to extract a clock signal from the received signal; adata recovery module to recover a data signal from the received signal,the data signal being modulated by a position of a second edge of thereceived signal; a encoder to encode a signal for transmission, theencoder to encode the signal using Return-to-Zero (RZ) encoding; adriver to drive the encoded signal on the communication channel, theencoded signal being driven simultaneously with receipt of the receivedsignal; and an echo canceller to subtract reflected signals on thecommunication channel.
 2. The receiving device of claim 1, wherein thecommunication channel is a single wire channel.
 3. The receiving deviceof claim 1, wherein the communication channel is a differential pairchannel.
 4. The receiving device of claim 1, wherein the modulation ofthe received signal includes a first value being encoded by a signaledge at a first position and a second value being encoded by a signaledge at a second position, wherein the second position is a later signaledge position than the first position.
 5. The receiving device of claim1, wherein data transmission of the receiving device includes timingthat is adjusted by a tuning algorithm, the tuning algorithm to operateto provide transmission at a phase that avoids a time that matches arising edge of the transmitted signals in order to preserve a risingclock edge for the clock signal in the received data.
 6. The receivingdevice of claim 1, further comprising a phase locked loop circuit tocontrol a timing relationship with a transmitting device.
 7. A methodcomprising: transmitting a first set of data on a communication channel,including: encoding the first set of data, wherein the first set ofsignals is encoded with Return-to-Zero encoding, and driving the encodedsignal on a communication channel and providing the encoded signal forecho cancellation; and receiving a clock signal and a second set of dataon the same communication channel, including; receiving signals on thecommunication channel, detecting a first edge of the received signals toextract the clock signal; cancelling signal echo on the communicationusing the encoded signal, and detecting the second set of data in thereceived signals using the extracted clock signal, wherein themodulation of the second set of data includes a position of the secondsignal edge to encode a data value of second set of data; wherein thereception of the clock signal and the second set of data occurssimultaneously with the transmission of the first set of data.
 8. Themethod of claim 7, further comprising delaying transmission of anencoded signal of first set of data a certain period of time in relationto the extracted clock signal.
 9. The method of claim 7, furthercomprising applying the extracted clock signal as a synchronousreference for a second communication channel.
 10. The method of claim 9,further comprising using a variable multiple of the clock signal tomaintain a same or similar data bandwidth of the communication channelirrespective of changes in a transmitted data rate of the secondcommunication channel.